Last data update: May 06, 2024. (Total: 46732 publications since 2009)
Records 1-5 (of 5 Records) |
Query Trace: Johnson BC[original query] |
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Comparison and evaluation of urinary biomarkers for occupational exposure to spray adhesives containing 1- bromopropane
Mathias PI , Cheever KL , Hanley KW , Marlow KL , Johnson BC , B'Hymer C . Toxicol Mech Methods 2012 22 (7) 526-32 Three metabolites of 1-bromopropane (1-BP) were measured in urine samples collected from 30 workers exposed to 1-BP at two facilities making furniture seat cushions and evaluated for use as biomarkers of exposure. The mercapturic acid metabolite,N-acetyl-S-(n-propyl)-L-cysteine (AcPrCys), 3-bromopropionic acid (3-BPA), and bromide ion levels (Br(-)) were quantitated for this evaluation. The high exposure group consisted of 13 workers employed as adhesive sprayers who assembled foam cushions using 1-BP containing spray adhesives and the low exposure group consisted of 17 non-sprayers, who worked in various jobs without spraying adhesives. All workers' urine voids were collected over the same 48 hour period at work, and at home before bedtime, and upon awakening. Urinary AcPrCys and Br(-)levels were elevated in the sprayers compared to that ofnon-sprayers. Following HPLC-MS/MS analysis of mercapturic acid metabolite levels, 50 urine samples having the highest levels of AcPrCys were analyzed for 3-BPA. No 3-BPA was detected in any of the samples. The data collected from this study demonstrate that ACPrCys and Br(-) are effective biomarkers of 1-BP exposure, but 3-BPA is not. |
Assessment of exposure to PACs in asphalt workers: measurement of urinary PACs and their metabolites with an ELISA kit
Smith JP , Biagini RE , Johnson BC , Olsen LD , Mackenzie BA , Robertson SA , Sammons DL , Striley CAF , Walker CV , Snawder JE . Polycycl Aromat Compd 2011 31 (4) 270-285 An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit made for determination of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) in water was adapted for measuring PACs and their metabolites in urine. This method was then applied to a pilot asphalt worker PAC exposure study. Currently, liquid-liquid extraction with gas chromatography/isotope dilution high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC/HRMS) is the preferred method to determine urinary PAC metabolites. Although sensitive and specific, GC/HRMS is time consuming and costly. The ELISA method had a range from 14-720 ng/ml 1-hydroxypyrene equivalents with a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 14 ng/ml urine. ELISA and GC/HRMS PAC metabolite measurements had a statistically significant correlation and the PAC ELISA results were indicative of potential asphalt exposure. PAC ELISA is promising as a more rapid and less costly routine method for determining worker exposure to PACs in asphalt emissions. |
Use of direct reading surface sampling methods for site characterization and remediation of methamphetamine contaminated properties
Snawder JE , Striley CAF , Esswein EJ , Hessel J , Sammons DL , Robertson SA , Johnson BC , MacKenzie BA , Smith JP , Walker CV . J ASTM Int 2011 8 (6) JAI103481 Residual methamphetamine contamination in clandestine laboratories represents a hazard to emergency response personnel, remediation workers and the general public. To address this threat, two rapid, sensitive surface sampling techniques to assess the location and level of methamphetamine contamination were developed. Both methods employ established industrial hygiene surface sampling materials (wipes and swabs) but differ in their sensitivity and detection technology. One method, based on colorimetric disclosure, detects and confirms a collected sample or visible residues. The second method uses a lateral flow immunochemical assay (LFIA) for semi-quantitative detection of trace contamination. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) partnered with public health agencies to develop applications of the methods for assessment of methamphetamine contamination of suspected properties. These applications focused on safe strategies for site assessment, hazard characterization, and remediation effectiveness. To conduct the field studies, NIOSH researchers and their partners visited more than a dozen suspected laboratories including mobile labs, abandoned properties, occupied residences, and motel rooms. NIOSH found greater than 95% agreement between positive identification of the presence of methamphetamine by LFIA and laboratory-based, liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy (LC- MS) methods. Test results were used to develop site assessments and make personal protective equipment recommendations. Results were also used to conduct process-based decontamination of properties and to make health-based decisions on remediation, re-occupancy of residences, as well as determine the degree of contamination of personal property in an inactive clandestine laboratory. By partnering with stakeholders, NIOSH was able to achieve two primary goals: (1) to develop a level of awareness in health department sanitarians, law enforcement personnel and other first responders that methamphetamine surface contamination was a potentially significant route of exposure; (2) to validate our methods in the field and to develop protocols for proper use and interpretation of the results. |
Evaluation of antineoplastic drug exposure of health care workers at three university-based U.S. cancer centers
Connor TH , DeBord DG , Pretty JR , Oliver MS , Roth TS , Lees PS , Krieg EF Jr , Rogers B , Escalante CP , Toennis CA , Clark JC , Johnson BC , McDiarmid MA . J Occup Environ Med 2010 52 (10) 1019-27 OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated health care worker exposure to antineoplastic drugs. METHODS: A cross-sectional study examined environmental samples from pharmacy and nursing areas. A 6-week diary documented tasks involving those drugs. Urine was analyzed for two specific drugs, and blood samples were analyzed by the comet assay. RESULTS: Sixty-eight exposed and 53 nonexposed workers were studied. Exposed workers recorded 10,000 drug-handling events during the 6-week period. Sixty percent of wipe samples were positive for at least one of the five drugs measured. Cyclophosphamide was most commonly detected, followed by 5-fluorouracil. Three of the 68 urine samples were positive for one drug. No genetic damage was detected in exposed workers using the comet assay. CONCLUSIONS: Despite following recommended safe-handling practices, workplace contamination with antineoplastic drugs in pharmacy and nursing areas continues at these locations. |
A pilot respiratory health assessment of nail technicians: symptoms, lung function, and airway inflammation
Reutman SR , Rohs AM , Clark JC , Johnson BC , Sammons DL , Toennis CA , Robertson SA , Mackenzie BA , Lockey JE . Am J Ind Med 2009 52 (11) 868-75 BACKGROUND: Recent surveys suggest nail technicians, particularly artificial nail applicators, have increased respiratory symptoms and asthma risk. METHODS: We examined lung function (n = 62) and a marker of airway inflammation, i.e., exhaled nitric oxide (ENO) (n = 43), in a subset of nail technician and control participants in a pilot health assessment. RESULTS: Bivariate analysis of technicians demonstrated that job latency was inversely correlated with FEV1 percent predicted (FEV1PP) (r = -0.34, P = 0.03) and FVCPP (r = -0.32, P = 0.05). Acrylic gel contact hours were inversely correlated with FEV1PP (r = -0.38, P = 0.02) and FVCPP (r = -0.47, P = 0.003). Current smoking was inversely and significantly (P ≤ 0.05) associated with ENO in bivariate analysis. Log 10 ENO levels were directly correlated with job latency (P = 0.012) and gel nail application (P = 0.026) in multivariable analyses. CONCLUSIONS: These positive pilot respiratory test results warrant additional future investigation. Am. J. Ind. Med. (c) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. |
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